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	<title>What Actually Drives Custom Software Development Cost - Versionsgeschichte</title>
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	<updated>2026-09-14T05:14:38Z</updated>
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		<id>http://www.vw-bus.org/index.php?title=What_Actually_Drives_Custom_Software_Development_Cost&amp;diff=6225&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>27.71.248.123 am 5. September 2026 um 03:09 Uhr</title>
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		<updated>2026-09-05T03:09:25Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Nächstältere Version&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Version vom 5. September 2026, 03:09 Uhr&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot; &gt;Zeile 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Zeile 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;The &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;single largest cost driver &lt;/del&gt;is &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;rarely [https://webparadox.com/technologies/ technology stack for web apps] &lt;/del&gt;— it &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;remains uncertainty&lt;/del&gt;. Every open question in the &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;brief &lt;/del&gt;turns into &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;padding &lt;/del&gt;in the &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;estimate&lt;/del&gt;. A team that &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;cannot see &lt;/del&gt;the &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;exceptions and edge cases has to &lt;/del&gt;assume &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;the worst&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Spending &lt;/del&gt;a &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;week on requirements work frequently cuts &lt;/del&gt;the &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;overall figure &lt;/del&gt;by far more than &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;haggling over hourly rates&lt;/del&gt;.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Integrations tend to be another reliable source of cost&lt;/del&gt;. A &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;feature &lt;/del&gt;that &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;touches only &lt;/del&gt;your own &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;data &lt;/del&gt;is &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;low risk&lt;/del&gt;; the same functionality talking to a payment provider and a CRM is not. The &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;cost hides &lt;/del&gt;in the third party: poor documentation, long certification processes, data that does not match your model. Ask &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;the estimator &lt;/del&gt;to price integrations separately, because &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;that &lt;/del&gt;is &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;where &lt;/del&gt;the &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;numbers slip&lt;/del&gt;.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Quality attributes &lt;/del&gt;can easily double the number. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;An application &lt;/del&gt;used by a handful of staff &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;has almost nothing in common with &lt;/del&gt;the same idea handling &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;public traffic&lt;/del&gt;. Compliance work, high availability, performance under load, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;audit logging &lt;/del&gt;and &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;localisation each &lt;/del&gt;add &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;measurable effort&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;State &lt;/del&gt;them &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;early &lt;/del&gt;or &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;you can &lt;/del&gt;expect &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;the estimate to move later&lt;/del&gt;.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;The team you are quoted matters. A rate card &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;reveals little &lt;/del&gt;on its own: &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;a &lt;/del&gt;senior &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;engineer &lt;/del&gt;at a &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;premium &lt;/del&gt;rate &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;is often cheaper per delivered feature &lt;/del&gt;than a pair of junior &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;[https://webparadox.com/compare/&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;php&lt;/del&gt;-vs-&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;python&lt;/del&gt;/ &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;python versus php&lt;/del&gt;] &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;developers &lt;/del&gt;who need &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;supervision and rework&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Ask as well &lt;/del&gt;which roles are billed: &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;delivery management&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;QA&lt;/del&gt;, DevOps and analysis &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;have to be done by someone&lt;/del&gt;, but &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;they &lt;/del&gt;should be &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;named rather than hidden inside a blended rate&lt;/del&gt;.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;The &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;build price &lt;/del&gt;is &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;rarely the total cost&lt;/del&gt;. Plan for &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;hosting&lt;/del&gt;, third-party licences, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;observability &lt;/del&gt;and a maintenance allowance &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;for every year the &lt;/del&gt;[https://webparadox.com/&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;how-we-work&lt;/del&gt;/ software development &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;lifecycle&lt;/del&gt;] &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;runs. A useful planning figure says that any production system needs &lt;/del&gt;a noticeable fraction of &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;the &lt;/del&gt;original &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;budget every year for &lt;/del&gt;updates&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;, security patches &lt;/del&gt;and small &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;improvements&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Ignoring this &lt;/del&gt;is the &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;most frequent planning error&lt;/del&gt;.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;The &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;dominant factor &lt;/ins&gt;is &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;not the choice of framework &lt;/ins&gt;— it &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;is how much is still undecided&lt;/ins&gt;. Every open question in the &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;specification &lt;/ins&gt;turns into &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;a contingency somewhere &lt;/ins&gt;in the &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;quote&lt;/ins&gt;. A team that &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;does not know what happens on &lt;/ins&gt;the &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;unhappy path must &lt;/ins&gt;assume &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;a pessimistic case&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Investing a few days in &lt;/ins&gt;a &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;discovery phase often reduces &lt;/ins&gt;the &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;total &lt;/ins&gt;by far more than &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;negotiating the rate&lt;/ins&gt;.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Third-party integrations remain the second big multiplier&lt;/ins&gt;. A &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;screen &lt;/ins&gt;that &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;writes to &lt;/ins&gt;your own &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;database &lt;/ins&gt;is &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;easy to estimate&lt;/ins&gt;; the same functionality talking to a payment provider and a CRM is not. The &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;effort lives &lt;/ins&gt;in the third party: poor documentation, long certification processes, data that does not match your model. Ask &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;each bidder &lt;/ins&gt;to price integrations separately, because &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;this &lt;/ins&gt;is the &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;usual source of overruns&lt;/ins&gt;.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Non-functional requirements &lt;/ins&gt;can easily double the number. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;A tool &lt;/ins&gt;used by a handful of staff &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;is a very different build from &lt;/ins&gt;the same idea handling &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;thousands of external customers&lt;/ins&gt;. Compliance work, high availability, performance under load, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;data retention rules &lt;/ins&gt;and &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;multi-language support all &lt;/ins&gt;add &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;weeks of work&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Put &lt;/ins&gt;them &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;in the brief &lt;/ins&gt;or expect &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;them priced as extras&lt;/ins&gt;.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;The team you are quoted matters. A rate card &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;tells you almost nothing &lt;/ins&gt;on its own: &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;one &lt;/ins&gt;senior &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;developer &lt;/ins&gt;at a &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;higher &lt;/ins&gt;rate &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;can be less expensive in the end &lt;/ins&gt;than a pair of junior [https://webparadox.com/compare/&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;dedicated-team&lt;/ins&gt;-vs-&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;freelancers&lt;/ins&gt;/ &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;dedicated developers vs freelancers comparison&lt;/ins&gt;] who need &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;heavy code review&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Check too &lt;/ins&gt;which roles are billed: &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;coordination&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;testing&lt;/ins&gt;, DevOps and &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt; [https://webparadox.com/locations/ offshore development center] &lt;/ins&gt;analysis &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;are real work&lt;/ins&gt;, but &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;these &lt;/ins&gt;should be &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;visible in the estimate&lt;/ins&gt;.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;The &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;quoted figure &lt;/ins&gt;is &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;not what you will actually spend&lt;/ins&gt;. Plan for &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;cloud costs&lt;/ins&gt;, third-party licences, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;monitoring &lt;/ins&gt;and a maintenance allowance &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;annually. A reasonable rule of thumb is that &lt;/ins&gt;[https://webparadox.com/&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;services/edtech&lt;/ins&gt;/ &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;custom education &lt;/ins&gt;software development] &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;in active use consumes &lt;/ins&gt;a noticeable fraction of &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;its &lt;/ins&gt;original &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;build cost annually in fixes,&amp;#160; [https://webparadox.com/technologies/vuejs/ vue.js software] &lt;/ins&gt;updates and small &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;changes&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Treating the launch as the finish line &lt;/ins&gt;is the &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;classic mistake&lt;/ins&gt;.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>27.71.248.123</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://www.vw-bus.org/index.php?title=What_Actually_Drives_Custom_Software_Development_Cost&amp;diff=6210&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>104.28.246.49 am 4. September 2026 um 22:41 Uhr</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.vw-bus.org/index.php?title=What_Actually_Drives_Custom_Software_Development_Cost&amp;diff=6210&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-09-04T22:41:36Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Nächstältere Version&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Version vom 4. September 2026, 22:41 Uhr&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot; &gt;Zeile 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Zeile 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;The &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;biggest &lt;/del&gt;cost driver is &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;not &lt;/del&gt;technology — it &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;is unclear scope&lt;/del&gt;. Every open question in the brief turns into &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;a buffer &lt;/del&gt;in the estimate. A &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;vendor &lt;/del&gt;that &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;does not know &lt;/del&gt;the exceptions and edge cases has to assume the &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;more expensive option&lt;/del&gt;. Spending a week on &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;a discovery phase often reduces &lt;/del&gt;the overall figure far more than &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;negotiating the rate&lt;/del&gt;.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Connections to other systems &lt;/del&gt;tend to be &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;the next major multiplier&lt;/del&gt;. A feature that touches only your own data is &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;easy to estimate&lt;/del&gt;; the same &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;screen wired into an old accounting system &lt;/del&gt;is &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;a different problem&lt;/del&gt;. The &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;unknown &lt;/del&gt;hides in the &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;other system&lt;/del&gt;: &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;rate limits and sandbox access&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;slow approval cycles&lt;/del&gt;, data that does not match your model. Ask &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;each bidder &lt;/del&gt;to price integrations separately, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;since this &lt;/del&gt;is the &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;usual source of overruns&lt;/del&gt;.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Quality attributes &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;silently change &lt;/del&gt;the &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;budget&lt;/del&gt;. An application used by a &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;small internal team is a very different build from &lt;/del&gt;the same idea &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;serving a hundred thousand&amp;#160; [https://webparadox.com/technologies/typescript/ typescript web framework] users&lt;/del&gt;. Compliance work, high availability, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;scalability&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt; [https://webparadox.com/services/fintech/ software development for fintech] &lt;/del&gt;audit logging and &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;accessibility all &lt;/del&gt;add &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;real engineering time&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Write &lt;/del&gt;them &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;down at the start &lt;/del&gt;or expect &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;them priced as extras&lt;/del&gt;.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;The &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;mix of people behind the number changes the arithmetic&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;An hourly &lt;/del&gt;rate &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;says almost nothing &lt;/del&gt;on its own: a senior engineer at &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;twice the price frequently turns out to be less expensive in the end &lt;/del&gt;than &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;two inexperienced &lt;/del&gt;developers who &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;require &lt;/del&gt;supervision and rework. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Also ask what else appears on the invoice&lt;/del&gt;: delivery management, QA, DevOps and analysis have to be done by someone, but they &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;must &lt;/del&gt;be &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;visible in the estimate&lt;/del&gt;.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;The &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;number in the proposal &lt;/del&gt;is &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;never &lt;/del&gt;the &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;full [https://webparadox&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;com/blog/how-much-does-custom-software-cost/ cost per hour &lt;/del&gt;for &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;outsourced software development] of ownership. Expect &lt;/del&gt;hosting, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;paid APIs&lt;/del&gt;, observability and a &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;change budget annually. A useful planning figure is that &lt;/del&gt;[https://webparadox.com/how-we-work/ software development &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;process&lt;/del&gt;] &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;in active use consumes &lt;/del&gt;a &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;meaningful share &lt;/del&gt;of &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;its &lt;/del&gt;original &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;build cost &lt;/del&gt;every year &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;simply to stay current&lt;/del&gt;. Ignoring this &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;remains &lt;/del&gt;the most &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;common budgeting mistake&lt;/del&gt;.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;The &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;single largest &lt;/ins&gt;cost driver is &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;rarely [https://webparadox.com/technologies/ &lt;/ins&gt;technology &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;stack for web apps] &lt;/ins&gt;— it &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;remains uncertainty&lt;/ins&gt;. Every open question in the brief turns into &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;padding &lt;/ins&gt;in the estimate. A &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;team &lt;/ins&gt;that &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;cannot see &lt;/ins&gt;the exceptions and edge cases has to assume the &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;worst&lt;/ins&gt;. Spending a week on &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;requirements work frequently cuts &lt;/ins&gt;the overall figure &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;by &lt;/ins&gt;far more than &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;haggling over hourly rates&lt;/ins&gt;.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Integrations &lt;/ins&gt;tend to be &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;another reliable source of cost&lt;/ins&gt;. A feature that touches only your own data is &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;low risk&lt;/ins&gt;; the same &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;functionality talking to a payment provider and a CRM &lt;/ins&gt;is &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;not&lt;/ins&gt;. The &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;cost &lt;/ins&gt;hides in the &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;third party&lt;/ins&gt;: &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;poor documentation&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;long certification processes&lt;/ins&gt;, data that does not match your model. Ask &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;the estimator &lt;/ins&gt;to price integrations separately, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;because that &lt;/ins&gt;is &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;where &lt;/ins&gt;the &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;numbers slip&lt;/ins&gt;.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Quality attributes &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;can easily double &lt;/ins&gt;the &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;number&lt;/ins&gt;. An application used by a &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;handful of staff has almost nothing in common with &lt;/ins&gt;the same idea &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;handling public traffic&lt;/ins&gt;. Compliance work, high availability, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;performance under load&lt;/ins&gt;, audit logging and &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;localisation each &lt;/ins&gt;add &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;measurable effort&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;State &lt;/ins&gt;them &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;early &lt;/ins&gt;or &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;you can &lt;/ins&gt;expect &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;the estimate to move later&lt;/ins&gt;.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;The &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;team you are quoted matters&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;A &lt;/ins&gt;rate &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;card reveals little &lt;/ins&gt;on its own: a senior engineer at &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;a premium rate is often cheaper per delivered feature &lt;/ins&gt;than &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;a pair of junior&amp;#160; [https://webparadox.com/compare/php-vs-python/ python versus php] &lt;/ins&gt;developers who &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;need &lt;/ins&gt;supervision and rework. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Ask as well which roles are billed&lt;/ins&gt;: delivery management, QA, DevOps and analysis have to be done by someone, but they &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;should &lt;/ins&gt;be &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;named rather than hidden inside a blended rate&lt;/ins&gt;.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;The &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;build price &lt;/ins&gt;is &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;rarely &lt;/ins&gt;the &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;total cost&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Plan &lt;/ins&gt;for hosting, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;third-party licences&lt;/ins&gt;, observability and a &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;maintenance allowance for every year the &lt;/ins&gt;[https://webparadox.com/how-we-work/ software development &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;lifecycle&lt;/ins&gt;] &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;runs. A useful planning figure says that any production system needs &lt;/ins&gt;a &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;noticeable fraction &lt;/ins&gt;of &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;original &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;budget &lt;/ins&gt;every year &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;for updates, security patches and small improvements&lt;/ins&gt;. Ignoring this &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;is &lt;/ins&gt;the most &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;frequent planning error&lt;/ins&gt;.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>104.28.246.49</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://www.vw-bus.org/index.php?title=What_Actually_Drives_Custom_Software_Development_Cost&amp;diff=6067&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>JerroldBeuzevill am 3. September 2026 um 06:12 Uhr</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.vw-bus.org/index.php?title=What_Actually_Drives_Custom_Software_Development_Cost&amp;diff=6067&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-09-03T06:12:27Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Nächstältere Version&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Version vom 3. September 2026, 06:12 Uhr&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot; &gt;Zeile 1:&lt;/td&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;The &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;single largest &lt;/del&gt;cost driver is &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;rarely the &lt;/del&gt;technology &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;stack &lt;/del&gt;— it &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;remains &lt;/del&gt;unclear scope. Every open question in the &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;requirements &lt;/del&gt;turns into a buffer &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;[https://webparadox.com/locations/usa/ software development companies &lt;/del&gt;in &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;united states] &lt;/del&gt;the estimate. A vendor that &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;cannot see what happens on &lt;/del&gt;the &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;unhappy path must &lt;/del&gt;assume &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;a pessimistic case&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Investing &lt;/del&gt;a &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;few days in &lt;/del&gt;a discovery phase &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;frequently cuts &lt;/del&gt;the overall figure &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;much &lt;/del&gt;more than &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;haggling over hourly rates&lt;/del&gt;.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Connections to other systems &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;are another reliable source of cost&lt;/del&gt;. A &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;form &lt;/del&gt;that &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;saves &lt;/del&gt;data is easy to estimate; the same screen &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;connected to &lt;/del&gt;a &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;legacy ERP is another matter entirely&lt;/del&gt;. The &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;cost &lt;/del&gt;hides in the other system: &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;undocumented APIs&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;long certification processes&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;fields &lt;/del&gt;that &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;mean something different on each side&lt;/del&gt;. Ask &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;any vendor &lt;/del&gt;to &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;list every external system&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;because &lt;/del&gt;this is the usual source of overruns.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Quality attributes &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;can easily double &lt;/del&gt;the &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;estimate&lt;/del&gt;. An &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;internal tool &lt;/del&gt;used by &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;twenty people costs far less than &lt;/del&gt;the same &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;functionality &lt;/del&gt;serving &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;public traffic&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Security reviews&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;uptime targets&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;load handling&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;data retention rules and &lt;/del&gt; [https://webparadox.com/&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;technologies&lt;/del&gt;/&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;kubernetes&lt;/del&gt;/ &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;kubernetes &lt;/del&gt;software development &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;company&lt;/del&gt;] &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;multi-language support &lt;/del&gt;all add &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;weeks of work&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Put &lt;/del&gt;them &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;in &lt;/del&gt;the &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;brief &lt;/del&gt;or &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;you can &lt;/del&gt;expect them priced as extras.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;The mix of people behind the number &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;matters a great deal&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;A &lt;/del&gt;rate &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;card &lt;/del&gt;says almost nothing on its own: &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;one &lt;/del&gt;senior &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;[https://webparadox.com/hire/vuejs-developers/ hire freelance vuetify developer] &lt;/del&gt;at twice the price &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;can &lt;/del&gt;be less expensive in the end than &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;a pair of junior &lt;/del&gt;developers who &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;need &lt;/del&gt;supervision and rework. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Ask as well which roles are billed&lt;/del&gt;: delivery management, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;testing&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;infrastructure work &lt;/del&gt;and &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;design are real work&lt;/del&gt;, but &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;these should &lt;/del&gt;be &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;itemised&lt;/del&gt;.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;The &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;build price &lt;/del&gt;is &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;not what you will actually spend&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Plan &lt;/del&gt;for &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;infrastructure&lt;/del&gt;, paid APIs, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;logging and alerting &lt;/del&gt;and a change budget &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;for every year the &lt;/del&gt;[https://webparadox.com/&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;blog&lt;/del&gt;/ software &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;outsourcing blog&lt;/del&gt;] &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;runs. A useful planning figure is that any production system &lt;/del&gt;consumes a &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;recurring percentage &lt;/del&gt;of &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;the initial investment per &lt;/del&gt;year simply to stay current. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Leaving it out of the budget is &lt;/del&gt;the most &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;frequent planning error&lt;/del&gt;.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;The &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;biggest &lt;/ins&gt;cost driver is &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;not &lt;/ins&gt;technology — it &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;is &lt;/ins&gt;unclear scope. Every open question in the &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;brief &lt;/ins&gt;turns into a buffer in the estimate. A vendor that &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;does not know &lt;/ins&gt;the &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;exceptions and edge cases has to &lt;/ins&gt;assume &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;the more expensive option&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Spending &lt;/ins&gt;a &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;week on &lt;/ins&gt;a discovery phase &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;often reduces &lt;/ins&gt;the overall figure &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;far &lt;/ins&gt;more than &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;negotiating the rate&lt;/ins&gt;.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Connections to other systems &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;tend to be the next major multiplier&lt;/ins&gt;. A &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;feature &lt;/ins&gt;that &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;touches only your own &lt;/ins&gt;data is easy to estimate; the same screen &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;wired into an old accounting system is &lt;/ins&gt;a &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;different problem&lt;/ins&gt;. The &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;unknown &lt;/ins&gt;hides in the other system: &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;rate limits and sandbox access&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;slow approval cycles&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;data &lt;/ins&gt;that &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;does not match your model&lt;/ins&gt;. Ask &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;each bidder &lt;/ins&gt;to &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;price integrations separately&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;since &lt;/ins&gt;this is the usual source of overruns.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Quality attributes &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;silently change &lt;/ins&gt;the &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;budget&lt;/ins&gt;. An &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;application &lt;/ins&gt;used by &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;a small internal team is a very different build from &lt;/ins&gt;the same &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;idea &lt;/ins&gt;serving &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;a hundred thousand&amp;#160; [https://webparadox.com/technologies/typescript/ typescript web framework] users&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Compliance work&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;high availability&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;scalability&lt;/ins&gt;,&amp;#160; [https://webparadox.com/&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;services&lt;/ins&gt;/&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;fintech&lt;/ins&gt;/ software development &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;for fintech&lt;/ins&gt;] &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;audit logging and accessibility &lt;/ins&gt;all add &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;real engineering time&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Write &lt;/ins&gt;them &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;down at &lt;/ins&gt;the &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;start &lt;/ins&gt;or expect them priced as extras.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;The mix of people behind the number &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;changes the arithmetic&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;An hourly &lt;/ins&gt;rate says almost nothing on its own: &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;a &lt;/ins&gt;senior &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;engineer &lt;/ins&gt;at twice the price &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;frequently turns out to &lt;/ins&gt;be less expensive in the end than &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;two inexperienced &lt;/ins&gt;developers who &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;require &lt;/ins&gt;supervision and rework. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Also ask what else appears on the invoice&lt;/ins&gt;: delivery management, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;QA&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;DevOps &lt;/ins&gt;and &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;analysis have to be done by someone&lt;/ins&gt;, but &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;they must &lt;/ins&gt;be &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;visible in the estimate&lt;/ins&gt;.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;The &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;number in the proposal &lt;/ins&gt;is &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;never the full [https://webparadox&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;com/blog/how-much-does-custom-software-cost/ cost per hour &lt;/ins&gt;for &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;outsourced software development] of ownership. Expect hosting&lt;/ins&gt;, paid APIs, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;observability &lt;/ins&gt;and a change budget &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;annually. A useful planning figure is that &lt;/ins&gt;[https://webparadox.com/&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;how-we-work&lt;/ins&gt;/ software &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;development process&lt;/ins&gt;] &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;in active use &lt;/ins&gt;consumes a &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;meaningful share &lt;/ins&gt;of &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;its original build cost every &lt;/ins&gt;year simply to stay current. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Ignoring this remains &lt;/ins&gt;the most &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;common budgeting mistake&lt;/ins&gt;.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JerroldBeuzevill</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://www.vw-bus.org/index.php?title=What_Actually_Drives_Custom_Software_Development_Cost&amp;diff=6066&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>VidaE08780 am 3. September 2026 um 06:11 Uhr</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.vw-bus.org/index.php?title=What_Actually_Drives_Custom_Software_Development_Cost&amp;diff=6066&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-09-03T06:11:32Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Nächstältere Version&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Version vom 3. September 2026, 06:11 Uhr&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot; &gt;Zeile 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Zeile 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;The &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;dominant factor &lt;/del&gt;is &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;not &lt;/del&gt;technology — it remains &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;uncertainty&lt;/del&gt;. Every open question in the &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;specification is converted &lt;/del&gt;into a buffer &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;somewhere &lt;/del&gt;in the &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;quote&lt;/del&gt;. A &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;team &lt;/del&gt;that &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;has no visibility into &lt;/del&gt;the &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;exceptions and edge cases has to &lt;/del&gt;assume &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;the worst&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Spending &lt;/del&gt;a &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;week on &lt;/del&gt;a &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;proper &lt;/del&gt;discovery frequently cuts the overall figure &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;far &lt;/del&gt;more than &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;negotiating the rate&lt;/del&gt;.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Integrations &lt;/del&gt;are another reliable source of cost. A &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;feature &lt;/del&gt;that &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;touches only your own &lt;/del&gt;data is &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;predictable&lt;/del&gt;; the same &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;feature talking &lt;/del&gt;to a legacy ERP is another matter entirely. The cost hides in the &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;counterparty&lt;/del&gt;: &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;poor documentation&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt; [https://webparadox.com/technologies/nextjs/ next js development agency] &lt;/del&gt;long certification processes, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;inconsistent data&lt;/del&gt;. Ask &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;each bidder &lt;/del&gt;to &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;break integrations out as separate items&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;as &lt;/del&gt;this is the usual source of overruns.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Non-functional requirements silently change &lt;/del&gt;the &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;number&lt;/del&gt;. An &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;application &lt;/del&gt;used by &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;a small internal team is a very different build from &lt;/del&gt;the same functionality serving public traffic. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Audit and compliance requirements&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;availability guarantees&lt;/del&gt;, load handling, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;audit logging &lt;/del&gt;and&amp;#160; [https://webparadox.com/&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;compare&lt;/del&gt;/&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;vuejs-vs-react&lt;/del&gt;/ &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;vue or react&lt;/del&gt;] &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;localisation &lt;/del&gt;all add weeks of work. Put them in the brief or you can expect them &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;to arrive later &lt;/del&gt;as &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;change requests&lt;/del&gt;.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;The &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;team you are quoted &lt;/del&gt;matters a great deal. A &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;day &lt;/del&gt;rate &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;tells you little &lt;/del&gt;on its own: &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;a &lt;/del&gt;senior &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;engineer &lt;/del&gt;at a &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;higher rate is often cheaper overall than two inexperienced &lt;/del&gt;developers who need supervision and rework. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Also ask &lt;/del&gt;which roles are billed: delivery management, testing, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;DevOps &lt;/del&gt;and design are &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;legitimate costs&lt;/del&gt;, but &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;they must &lt;/del&gt;be &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;visible in the estimate&lt;/del&gt;.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;The build price is &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;rarely the full cost of ownership&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Expect &lt;/del&gt;infrastructure, paid APIs, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;monitoring &lt;/del&gt;and &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;an ongoing support &lt;/del&gt;budget &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;each &lt;/del&gt;year. A useful planning figure &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;says &lt;/del&gt;that &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;software in active use &lt;/del&gt;consumes a recurring percentage of the initial investment per year &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;in fixes, updates and small changes&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Treating &lt;/del&gt;the &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;launch as the finish line has always been &lt;/del&gt;the most &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;common budgeting mistake&lt;/del&gt;.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;The &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;single largest cost driver &lt;/ins&gt;is &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;rarely the &lt;/ins&gt;technology &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;stack &lt;/ins&gt;— it remains &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;unclear scope&lt;/ins&gt;. Every open question in the &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;requirements turns &lt;/ins&gt;into a buffer &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;[https://webparadox.com/locations/usa/ software development companies &lt;/ins&gt;in &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;united states] &lt;/ins&gt;the &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;estimate&lt;/ins&gt;. A &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;vendor &lt;/ins&gt;that &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;cannot see what happens on &lt;/ins&gt;the &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;unhappy path must &lt;/ins&gt;assume &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;a pessimistic case&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Investing &lt;/ins&gt;a &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;few days in &lt;/ins&gt;a discovery &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;phase &lt;/ins&gt;frequently cuts the overall figure &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;much &lt;/ins&gt;more than &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;haggling over hourly rates&lt;/ins&gt;.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Connections to other systems &lt;/ins&gt;are another reliable source of cost. A &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;form &lt;/ins&gt;that &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;saves &lt;/ins&gt;data is &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;easy to estimate&lt;/ins&gt;; the same &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;screen connected &lt;/ins&gt;to a legacy ERP is another matter entirely. The cost hides in the &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;other system&lt;/ins&gt;: &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;undocumented APIs&lt;/ins&gt;, long certification processes, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;fields that mean something different on each side&lt;/ins&gt;. Ask &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;any vendor &lt;/ins&gt;to &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;list every external system&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;because &lt;/ins&gt;this is the usual source of overruns.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Quality attributes can easily double &lt;/ins&gt;the &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;estimate&lt;/ins&gt;. An &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;internal tool &lt;/ins&gt;used by &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;twenty people costs far less than &lt;/ins&gt;the same functionality serving public traffic. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Security reviews&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;uptime targets&lt;/ins&gt;, load handling, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;data retention rules &lt;/ins&gt;and&amp;#160; [https://webparadox.com/&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;technologies&lt;/ins&gt;/&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;kubernetes&lt;/ins&gt;/ &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;kubernetes software development company&lt;/ins&gt;] &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;multi-language support &lt;/ins&gt;all add weeks of work. Put them in the brief or you can expect them &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;priced &lt;/ins&gt;as &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;extras&lt;/ins&gt;.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;The &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;mix of people behind the number &lt;/ins&gt;matters a great deal. A rate &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;card says almost nothing &lt;/ins&gt;on its own: &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;one &lt;/ins&gt;senior &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;[https://webparadox.com/hire/vuejs-developers/ hire freelance vuetify developer] &lt;/ins&gt;at &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;twice the price can be less expensive in the end than &lt;/ins&gt;a &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;pair of junior &lt;/ins&gt;developers who need supervision and rework. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Ask as well &lt;/ins&gt;which roles are billed: delivery management, testing, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;infrastructure work &lt;/ins&gt;and design are &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;real work&lt;/ins&gt;, but &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;these should &lt;/ins&gt;be &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;itemised&lt;/ins&gt;.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;The build price is &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;not what you will actually spend&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Plan for &lt;/ins&gt;infrastructure, paid APIs, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;logging and alerting &lt;/ins&gt;and &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;a change &lt;/ins&gt;budget &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;for every &lt;/ins&gt;year &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;the [https://webparadox.com/blog/ software outsourcing blog] runs&lt;/ins&gt;. A useful planning figure &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;is &lt;/ins&gt;that &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;any production system &lt;/ins&gt;consumes a recurring percentage of the initial investment per year &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;simply to stay current&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Leaving it out of &lt;/ins&gt;the &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;budget is &lt;/ins&gt;the most &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;frequent planning error&lt;/ins&gt;.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>VidaE08780</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://www.vw-bus.org/index.php?title=What_Actually_Drives_Custom_Software_Development_Cost&amp;diff=6050&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>JerroldBeuzevill am 3. September 2026 um 04:01 Uhr</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.vw-bus.org/index.php?title=What_Actually_Drives_Custom_Software_Development_Cost&amp;diff=6050&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-09-03T04:01:41Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Nächstältere Version&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Version vom 3. September 2026, 04:01 Uhr&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot; &gt;Zeile 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Zeile 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;The dominant factor is &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;rarely &lt;/del&gt;technology — it remains &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;unclear scope&lt;/del&gt;. Every open question in the &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;requirements becomes padding inside &lt;/del&gt;the &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;number you receive&lt;/del&gt;. A team that has no visibility into the exceptions and edge cases &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;will &lt;/del&gt;assume the worst. Spending a week on &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;requirements work often reduces &lt;/del&gt;the overall figure far more than &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;haggling over hourly rates&lt;/del&gt;.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Third-party integrations tend to be &lt;/del&gt;another reliable source of cost. A feature that touches only your own data is predictable; the same feature talking to a legacy ERP is another matter entirely. The &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;unknown lives &lt;/del&gt;in the &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;other system&lt;/del&gt;: poor documentation, long certification processes, data &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;that does not match your model&lt;/del&gt;. Ask &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;the estimator &lt;/del&gt;to break integrations out as separate items, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;because that &lt;/del&gt;is &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;where &lt;/del&gt;the &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;numbers slip&lt;/del&gt;.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Quality attributes &lt;/del&gt;silently change the &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;budget&lt;/del&gt;. An application used by a small internal team &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;has almost nothing in common with &lt;/del&gt;the same functionality serving &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;a hundred thousand users&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Security reviews&lt;/del&gt;, availability guarantees, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;scalability&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;data retention rules &lt;/del&gt;and&amp;#160; [https://webparadox.com/&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;hire&lt;/del&gt;/ &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;developers for hire&lt;/del&gt;] localisation all add weeks of work. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;State &lt;/del&gt;them &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;early &lt;/del&gt;or &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt; [https://webparadox.com/technologies/flutter/ flutter software development company] else &lt;/del&gt;expect &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;the estimate &lt;/del&gt;to &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;move &lt;/del&gt;later.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Who actually does the work changes the arithmetic&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;An hourly &lt;/del&gt;rate tells you &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;almost nothing &lt;/del&gt;on its own: &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;an experienced &lt;/del&gt;engineer at &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;twice the price &lt;/del&gt;is often cheaper &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;per delivered feature &lt;/del&gt;than &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;a pair of junior [https://webparadox.com/locations/saudi-arabia/ hire &lt;/del&gt;developers &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;in saudi arabia] &lt;/del&gt;who &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;require heavy code review&lt;/del&gt;. Also ask &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;who else is &lt;/del&gt;billed: delivery management, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;quality assurance&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;release engineering &lt;/del&gt;and design are &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;real work&lt;/del&gt;, but &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;these should &lt;/del&gt;be &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;itemised&lt;/del&gt;.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;The &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;number in the proposal &lt;/del&gt;is &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;not &lt;/del&gt;the full cost of ownership. Expect &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;hosting&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt; [https://webparadox.com/technologies/react/ reactjs development outsourcing] third-party licences&lt;/del&gt;, monitoring and &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;a maintenance allowance &lt;/del&gt;each year. A useful planning figure &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;is &lt;/del&gt;that software in active use &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;requires &lt;/del&gt;a &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;meaningful share &lt;/del&gt;of the &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;original budget annually simply to stay current&lt;/del&gt;. Treating the launch as the finish line &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;is &lt;/del&gt;the most common budgeting mistake.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;The dominant factor is &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;not &lt;/ins&gt;technology — it remains &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;uncertainty&lt;/ins&gt;. Every open question in the &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;specification is converted into a buffer somewhere in &lt;/ins&gt;the &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;quote&lt;/ins&gt;. A team that has no visibility into the exceptions and edge cases &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;has to &lt;/ins&gt;assume the worst. Spending a week on &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;a proper discovery frequently cuts &lt;/ins&gt;the overall figure far more than &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;negotiating the rate&lt;/ins&gt;.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Integrations are &lt;/ins&gt;another reliable source of cost. A feature that touches only your own data is predictable; the same feature talking to a legacy ERP is another matter entirely. The &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;cost hides &lt;/ins&gt;in the &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;counterparty&lt;/ins&gt;: poor documentation, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt; [https://webparadox.com/technologies/nextjs/ next js development agency] &lt;/ins&gt;long certification processes, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;inconsistent &lt;/ins&gt;data. Ask &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;each bidder &lt;/ins&gt;to break integrations out as separate items, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;as this &lt;/ins&gt;is the &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;usual source of overruns&lt;/ins&gt;.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Non-functional requirements &lt;/ins&gt;silently change the &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;number&lt;/ins&gt;. An application used by a small internal team &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;is a very different build from &lt;/ins&gt;the same functionality serving &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;public traffic&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Audit and compliance requirements&lt;/ins&gt;, availability guarantees, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;load handling&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;audit logging &lt;/ins&gt;and&amp;#160; [https://webparadox.com/&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;compare&lt;/ins&gt;/&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;vuejs-vs-react/ vue or react&lt;/ins&gt;] localisation all add weeks of work. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Put &lt;/ins&gt;them &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;in the brief &lt;/ins&gt;or &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;you can &lt;/ins&gt;expect &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;them &lt;/ins&gt;to &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;arrive &lt;/ins&gt;later &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;as change requests&lt;/ins&gt;.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;The team you are quoted matters a great deal&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;A day &lt;/ins&gt;rate tells you &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;little &lt;/ins&gt;on its own: &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;a senior &lt;/ins&gt;engineer at &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;a higher rate &lt;/ins&gt;is often cheaper &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;overall &lt;/ins&gt;than &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;two inexperienced &lt;/ins&gt;developers who &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;need supervision and rework&lt;/ins&gt;. Also ask &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;which roles are &lt;/ins&gt;billed: delivery management, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;testing&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;DevOps &lt;/ins&gt;and design are &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;legitimate costs&lt;/ins&gt;, but &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;they must &lt;/ins&gt;be &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;visible in the estimate&lt;/ins&gt;.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;The &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;build price &lt;/ins&gt;is &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;rarely &lt;/ins&gt;the full cost of ownership. Expect &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;infrastructure&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;paid APIs&lt;/ins&gt;, monitoring and &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;an ongoing support budget &lt;/ins&gt;each year. A useful planning figure &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;says &lt;/ins&gt;that software in active use &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;consumes &lt;/ins&gt;a &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;recurring percentage &lt;/ins&gt;of the &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;initial investment per year in fixes, updates and small changes&lt;/ins&gt;. Treating the launch as the finish line &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;has always been &lt;/ins&gt;the most common budgeting mistake.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JerroldBeuzevill</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://www.vw-bus.org/index.php?title=What_Actually_Drives_Custom_Software_Development_Cost&amp;diff=5572&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>JerroldBeuzevill: Die Seite wurde neu angelegt: „&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;The dominant factor is rarely technology — it remains unclear scope. Every open question in the requirements becomes padding inside the number yo…“</title>
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		<updated>2026-08-30T22:05:08Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Die Seite wurde neu angelegt: „&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;The dominant factor is rarely technology — it remains unclear scope. Every open question in the requirements becomes padding inside the number yo…“&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Neue Seite&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;The dominant factor is rarely technology — it remains unclear scope. Every open question in the requirements becomes padding inside the number you receive. A team that has no visibility into the exceptions and edge cases will assume the worst. Spending a week on requirements work often reduces the overall figure far more than haggling over hourly rates.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Third-party integrations tend to be another reliable source of cost. A feature that touches only your own data is predictable; the same feature talking to a legacy ERP is another matter entirely. The unknown lives in the other system: poor documentation, long certification processes, data that does not match your model. Ask the estimator to break integrations out as separate items, because that is where the numbers slip.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Quality attributes silently change the budget. An application used by a small internal team has almost nothing in common with the same functionality serving a hundred thousand users. Security reviews, availability guarantees, scalability, data retention rules and  [https://webparadox.com/hire/ developers for hire] localisation all add weeks of work. State them early or  [https://webparadox.com/technologies/flutter/ flutter software development company] else expect the estimate to move later.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Who actually does the work changes the arithmetic. An hourly rate tells you almost nothing on its own: an experienced engineer at twice the price is often cheaper per delivered feature than a pair of junior [https://webparadox.com/locations/saudi-arabia/ hire developers in saudi arabia] who require heavy code review. Also ask who else is billed: delivery management, quality assurance, release engineering and design are real work, but these should be itemised.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;The number in the proposal is not the full cost of ownership. Expect hosting,  [https://webparadox.com/technologies/react/ reactjs development outsourcing] third-party licences, monitoring and a maintenance allowance each year. A useful planning figure is that software in active use requires a meaningful share of the original budget annually simply to stay current. Treating the launch as the finish line is the most common budgeting mistake.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JerroldBeuzevill</name></author>
		
	</entry>
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